The elements of graphic design are used, and often
combined, to create graphic works. They should not be confused with
principles of design, such as balance and white space, but rather
components such as color, type and images. Presented here is a list of
the most commonly used elements in graphic design.
Shapes
From
ancient pictographs to modern logos, shapes are at the root of design.
They are used to establish layouts, create patterns, and build countless
elements on the page. With graphics software such as Illustrator,
creating and manipulating shapes is easier than ever, giving designers
the freedom to create them at will.
Lines
Lines are used to divide space,
direct the eye, and create forms. At the most basic level, straight
lines are found in layouts to separate content, such as in magazine,
newspaper, and website designs. This can of course go much further, with
curved, dotted, and zigzag lines used as the defining elements on a
page and as the basis for illustrations and graphics. Often, lines will
be implied, meaning other elements of design will follow the path of
line, such as type on a curve.
Color
Color
is an interesting element of graphic design because it can be applied
to any other element, changing it dramatically. It can be used to make
an image stand out, to show linked text on a website, and to evoke
emotion. Graphic designers should combine their experience with color
with an understanding of color theory.
Type
Type,
of course, is all around us. In graphic design, the goal is to not to
just place some text on a page, but rather to understand and use it
effectively for communication. Choice of fonts (typefaces), size,
alignment, color, and spacing all come into play. Type can be taken
further by using it to create shapes and images.
Art, Illustration & Photography
A
powerful image can make or break a design. Photographs, illustrations
and artwork are used to tell stories, support ideas, and grab the
audience's attention, so the selection is important. Graphic designers
can create this work on their own, commission an artist or photographer,
or purchase it at all price levels on many websites.
Texture
Texture
can refer to the actual surface of a design or to the visual appearance
of a design. In the first case, the audience can actually feel the
texture, making it unique from the other elements of design. Selection
of paper and materials in package design can affect actual texture. In
the second case, texture is implied through the style of design. Rich,
layered graphics can create visual texture that mirrors actual texture.
Sources:
Jim Krause. "Design Basics Index." HOW Design Books, 2004.
Poppy Evans, Mark A. Thomas. "Exploring the Elements of Design" Second Edition. Thomson Delmar Learning, 2008.